Development status: Approved in Japan, off-patent, discontinued in other countries

Gram-negative activity

Mechanism of Action/Target pathogen: Binds to type II topoisomerases, gyrase and topoisomerase IV and thus, inhibits DNA cleavage and ligation reactions. It kills bacterial cells by increasing the concentration of enzyme–DNA cleavage complexes, thereby inhibiting cell replication.

Reason dropped: Severe thrombocytopenia, nephritis, hepatotoxicity

Additional information: Synthetic 1,8-naphthyridine derivative